At present,in the jungle or forest environment,trees are obstacles in the path of unmanned equipment,and their distance,height,sheltered area and other parameters are very important.This paper designs a recognition system based on lightweight target detection algorithm to detect the characteristics of trees.This system takes deciduous shrubs as the object,and uses target detection technology to locate and obtain the height,width and distance information of each part of the crown and trunk of the target tree.The system has practical value to obtain the information of tree shelter in the forest.