In order to improve the level of multi-task coordination and real-time performance of traditional environmental monitoring system,this paper designs a monitoring system based on STM32F103ZET6 microcontroller.The system uses RT-Thread real-time operating system to perform multi-task scheduling,realizes the collection of temperature and humidity、air quality,light intensity and other parameters,and uploads it to Alibaba cloud platform for observation through narrowband Internet of Things.After testing,the monitoring temperature error is less than 0.5℃,the air quality error is less than 2%,and the detection time is less than 0.5 seconds,which is better real-time than the traditional monitoring system.