摘要
瞿昙寺壁画分为两大系统,即藏传佛教密宗图像和汉传佛教传记、经变图像,技法上也体现出汉藏两种风格.其中该寺瞿昙殿善财童子五十三参壁画为明代汉式风格,是研究善财童子五十三参图像流变和明代河湟地区汉藏文化交往交流交融关系的珍贵资料.文章通过文献对照和实物分析对瞿昙寺善财童子五十三参壁画做了初步探讨.首先对壁画内容进行了详细解读,其次对相关问题展开讨论,认为瞿昙寺善财童子五十三参壁画出 自北宋惟白撰写的《文殊指南图赞》,跟山西崇善寺善财童子五十三参壁画一脉相承.由于画面人物不多,瞿昙寺善财童子五十三参壁画更多地将精力放在画面场景的设计上,讲究画面的构图均衡和空间处理,整个画面充满田园情调,带有浓郁的"人文画"气息.根据瞿昙殿及其他主要建筑的具体建成时间,初步判断瞿昙寺善财童子五十三参壁画绘制年代应在1391年至1430年之间.至于画师身份,从壁画图像范式、人物造型、场景风物和笔墨技法看,应该是汉族画师,可能来自河湟地区周边.
Abstract
The Qutan Monastery murals are divided into two systems,namely,Tibetan Buddhist Tantric images and Chinese Buddhist biographies,classic images,which also reflect the Han and Tibetan styles in techniques.Among them,the murals of Sudhana visiting the various spiritual guides are in the Han style of the Ming Dynasty,and are valuable materials for studying the image evolution of Sudhana visiting the various spiritual guides and the relationship between Han and Tibetan culture exchanges,and blends in Hehuang area of the Ming Dynasty.This article provides a preliminary exploration of the murals of Sudhana visitingthe various spiritual guides through literature comparison and physical analysis.Firstly,the content of the murals was interpreted,and then relevant issues were discussed.It is believed that these murals in Qutan Monastery comes from the Manjusri Guidebook Praise written by Weibai in the Northern Song dynasty,and it is the same line as the mural of Chongshan Temple in Shanxi.Due to the limited number of characters in the murals,the murals of Sudhana visiting the various spiritual guides in Qutan Monastery focus more on the design of the scene,emphasizing the balance of composition and spatial processing.The entire painting is full of pastoral atmosphere,with a strong humanistic style.Based on the specific construction time of the Qutan Monastery and other major buildings,it is preliminarily estimated that the painting age of the murals in Qutan Monastery should be between 1391 and 1430.As for the identity of a painter,from the perspective of mural image paradigm,character modeling,scene scenery,and ink techniques,it is undoubtedly a Han Chinese painter,probably from the Hehuang region or its surrounding areas.
NETL
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维普
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