In order to realize fine-grained monitoring of river water quality,water quality relationship model of small water segment was constructed based on convection diffusion equation,and the water quality of the basin was predicted in spatial dimension.Firstly,the explicit difference decomposition,implicit difference decomposi-tion and analytical solution(also called exact solution)of one-dimensional convection-diffusion equation were solved,and the water quality relationship model of small water segment in a certain unit of time step and space step was constructed,and the precision of those methods was verified.Then,according to the actual hydrological situation of Mulan River,the pollutant concentration value of each node in the river segment at a certain time was solved as an example to achieve fine-grained prediction of the water quality of the said river segment.Through this application,it is verified that the implicit difference decomposition method has a high accuracy,and the use of the implicit difference decomposition method for spatial dimension prediction is feasible.