Objective To investigate the effect of smoking habits on inflammatory factors,bone metabolic markers and oxidative stress in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis(CP).Methods Eighty-seven CP patients were divided into smoking group(n=43)and non-smoking group(n=44)based on their smoking history.Two groups were collected for general information(gender,age,disease duration)and periodontal status(plaque index,probing depth,attachment loss,gingival bleeding index)before treatment.After 8 weeks of periodontal basic treatment,gingival crevicular fluid was collected from two groups of the patients before and after treatment.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of oxidative stress response indicators[malondialdehyde(MDA),hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)],inflammatory response indicators[tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin-18(IL-18),Caspase-1,and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)]and bone metabolism indicators[such as osteoprotegerin(OPG),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),osteocalcin(OCN),typeⅠ collagen(COL-Ⅰ),and osteoclast differentiation factor(RANKL)].Results The number of males in smoking group was more than that in non-smoking group(P＜0.05).The levels of MDA,H2O2,TNF-α,hs-CRP,IL-18,Caspase-1,sICAM-1,and RANKL in gingival crevicular fluid of two groups of CP patients were lower after treatment than those before treatment(P＜0.05),while the levels of SOD,GSH-Px,OPG,ALP,OCN and COL-Ⅰ were higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of MDA,H2O2,TNF-α,hs CRP,IL-18,Caspase-1,sICAM-1,and RANKL in gingival crevicular fluid were lower in non-smoking group than those in smoking group(P＜0.05),while the levels of SOD,GSH-Px,OPG,ALP,OCN,and COL-Ⅰ were higher than those in smoking group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Smoking may increase the levels of inflammatory response and oxidative stress in gingival crevicular fluid among CP patients,decrease bone metabolic level,thus adversely affecting the efficacy of periodontal treatment.
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