Musical Notation and Concept:the Changes in the Music Culture of Cantonese Opera
Notations as musical representations,are intertwined with musical concepts,transmission systems and societal-cultural factors.Historically,the musical notation of Cantonese opera has undergone a series of transformations with the eventual five-line notation.From its earliest form as a"backbone notation"evolved into a more"scientific"system of notation,meanwhile Cantonese opera also underwent a transformation in its performance format,for instance,it evolved from sketch plays to full-length scripts.Also,in terms of creative leadership,it shifted from actors to directors;and in the cultivation system,it transitioned from a tradi-tional apprenticeship to a modern academy-based approach.The music of Cantonese opera has evolved towards standardization,as musical notations become central to the actors'stage performances,transcending their initial status as mere"objects"for perform-ers to refer to.The functions of Cantonese opera have evolved in tandem with social-cultural interactions.While the simplified"science"of Cantonese opera and Peking opera is embraced by the younger generation today,"the elder uncles"continue to appre-ciate the superiority of Gongche notation over their acquired musical concepts.
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