[Objective]The factors affecting the germination of Malus doumeri seeds were explored,and the optimum conditions for M.doumeri germination were found,which provided the scientific basis for the large-scale seedling breeding of M.doumeri.[Method]Using M.doumeri seeds as the test materials,physical and chemical treatments were carried out.The physical treatment included different soaking time(0 d,1 d,2 d,3 d,4 d,5 d),soil water content(70%,50%,30%)and sowing depth(0 cm,1 cm,2 cm,3 cm,4 cm),light(dark,variable light)and substrate(sandy soil,fertile soil,loess,mixed soil,perlite)and gibberellin orthogonal test was adopted in the chemical treatment.The effects of different treatments on seed germination rate,germination potential and germination delay of seeds were studied.[Result]Under the physical treatment,the germination rate increased with the increase of soaking time(0-4 d)and the germination lag time shortened.The germination rate was the highest(97.33%)when the seed was soaked for 4 d,and the germination potential was the highest(70.67%)when the seed was soaked for 1 d.When the soil water content was 70%,the germination rate was the highest(82.33%).With the decrease of soil water content,the germination rate decreased and the germination lag time increased.With the increase of sowing depth,germination rate and germination potential first increased and then decreased,the germination lag time increased.The germination rate and germination potential were the highest when the sowing depth was 1 cm,and the germination time was the fastest when the sowing depth was 0 cm.The dark condition was conducive to the germination and shorten the germination time of seeds.The germination rate of seeds sowing in fertile soil was the highest,and the germination time can be reduced in sandy soil.Under the chemical treatment,the influence of gibberellin on germination rate was B(soaking method)＞A(gibberellin concentration)＞D(stratification time)＞C(soaking time),and the optimal combination was A1B2C2D2,which the germination effect was the best when the gibbere-llin concentration was 50 mg/L,stratification in seed soaking,soaking for 12 d,and 60 h of stratification time.[Conclusion]Under both physical and chemical treatments,the germination rate of M.doumeri could be increased.The physical treatment can be used to soak the M.doumeri seeds with normal-temperature water before sowing for 4 d,and then sow the seeds in the deep soil of 1 cm,keep the dark condition,and water once every 3 days.When planting in advance or in off-season,the seeds can be treated by chemical methods.Before sowing,the seeds should be stratified at low temperature in the room.During the stratification process,the seeds should be soaked with 50 mg/L of gibberellin solution for 12 h,and the seeds should continue to stratify for 60 h after soaking.
Malus doumeriseedsgermination rategermination potentialgermination lag timegibberellinseed soakingstratification
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