摘要
[目的]探明液体地膜对番茄生长发育及叶片光合特性的影响,以期为山东地区液体地膜覆盖栽培技术的推广应用提供参考.[方法]以普罗旺斯番茄为试验材料,研究不覆盖地膜(CK)、覆盖液体地膜(T1)和覆盖普通白色地膜(T2)对番茄根系土壤水分变化、植株生长发育及叶片光合特性的影响.[结果]番茄生长期覆膜处理0～60 cm土层含水量和水分利用效率均显著提高,均依次为液体地膜＞普通地膜＞CK.覆盖液体地膜番茄的根系活力最大,幼苗期、开花坐果期、果实生长期和成熟期分别较CK显著提高91.63%、40.05%、43.60%和 22.33%;番茄株高、茎粗、地上干物质质量、地下干物质质量和小区平均单产量均最大,分别较CK显著提高 40.26%、25.99%、48.25%、46.43%和 53.47%.覆膜处理对番茄果实生长期叶片光合作用影响明显,覆盖液体地膜的叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均最大,分别较CK显著提高34.42%、91.67%、95.92%,胞间CO2 浓度最低,较CK显著降低 25.26%.[结论]覆盖液体地膜对土壤具有保温增墒作用,可显著促进番茄生长发育,提高叶片光合特性,从而提高产量,可在山东地区设施番茄种植中推广应用.
Abstract
[Objective]The effects of liquid mulching film on tomato growth and leaf photosynthetic characteristics were studied,so as to provide reference for the popularization and application of the cultivation techniques of liquid film mulching in Shandong region.[Method]The Provence tomato varieties were used as experimental materials to study the effects of non-covering plastic film(CK),covering liquid plastic film(T1)and covering common white plastic film(T2)on soil moisture,plant growth and leaf photosynthetic characteristics of tomato.[Result]During the tomato growth period,the water content and water use efficiency of 0-60 cm soil layers treated with plastic film significantly increased,with liquid plastic film>ordinary plastic film>CK.The root activity of tomato covered with liquid film was the highest,with a significant increase of 91.63%,40.05%,43.60%,and 22.33%at seedling stage,flowering and fruiting stage,fruit growth stage,and mature stage compared with CK,respectively.The plant height,stem diameter,above-ground dry matter,underground dry matter and plot average yield of tomato were the highest,which were 40.26%,25.99%,48.25%,46.43%and 53.47%higher than CK,respectively.The leaf net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were the highest under the treatment of mulching plastic film,compared with CK,which significantly increased by 34.42%,91.67%,and 95.92%,respectively.The concentration of CO2 in cells was the lowest,which significantly decreased by 25.26%compared with CK.[Conclusion]Covering liquid film on soil can maintain the heat preservation and increase moisture,significantly promote the growth and development of tomato,improve the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves,and thus increase the yield,which can be popularized and applied in protected tomato cultivation in Shandong region.
基金项目
临沂市气象局气象科学技术研究项目(22lyqx10)
山东省气象局科学技术研究面上项目(2022sdqxm13)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据