河南烟草常用农药的降解规律和防治效果
Degradation Rule and Control Effect of Commonly Used Pesticides in Tobacco in Henan
王冬 1白军超 1苏少伟 1李豪豪 1常城 1张幸博 1许跃齐 1王玉洁 1刘超1
作者信息
- 1. 中国烟草总公司河南省公司,河南 郑州 450018
- 折叠
摘要
[目的]探明河南烟草生产中常用农药的降解规律和防治效果,为合理施药降低烟叶农药残留超限风险提供参考.[方法]对比分析 4种新烟碱类杀虫剂(啶虫脒、吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和吡蚜酮)、4种菊酯类杀虫剂(高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯)和 4种杀菌剂农药(噁霜灵、霜霉威、甲霜灵和烯酰吗啉)的病虫害防治效果和残留情况.[结果]不同新烟碱类杀虫剂对蚜虫防治效果差异不大,吡虫啉降解速度最快,施药后 7d药残降至CORESTA公布的安全限值以下;其次是噻虫嗪,施药后 14d降解至安全限值以下.烤后烟样品中,所有参试新烟碱类杀虫剂残留均未超限.菊酯类杀虫剂中溴氰菊酯降解速率最高(施药后 21d降解至安全限值以下),残留最低;氰戊菊酯抑制烟青虫害的发生效果最好,其次是溴氰菊酯.参试的 4种杀菌剂对烟草黑胫病防治效果差异不明显,噁霜灵在施药后降解缓慢,且烤后样品中残留超限,建议停止使用.[结论]各类农药均有明显防治效果,不同农药的吸收特点和降解规律不同,生产中应结合这些特点分阶段搭配施药,以降低农残超限风险.
Abstract
[Objective]The degradation law and control effect of pesticides commonly used in tobacco production in Henan Province were investigated,so as to provide reference for rational application to reduce the risk of excessive pesticide residues in tobacco leaves.[Method]The residues and control effects of 4 kinds of neonicotinoid insecticides(acetamiprid,imidacloprild,thiamethoxam,pymetrozine),4 kinds of pyrethroid insecticides(lambda-cyhalothrin,cypermethrin,daltamethrin,fenvalerate)and 4 kinds of fungicides(oxadixyl,propamocarb,metalaxyl,dimethomorph)commonly used in tobacco production in Henan were studied.[Result]There was no significant difference in the control effect of the 4 neo-nicotinic insecticides on aphids.Imidacloprid degraded fastest and the residual fell below the safety limit published by CORESTA in seven days after application.The residual of thiamethoxam fell below the safety limit in 14 days after application.The residue levels of all tested insecticides in cured tobacco leaves samples were lower than the safety limits.Among all the pyrethroid insecticides been tested,deltamethrin had the highest degradation rate(which fell below the safety limit in 21 days after application)and the lowest residue.The effect of fenvalerate on controlling Helicoverpa assulta was significantly higher than that of the others,followed by deltamethrin.There was no significant difference in the control effect of the 4 fungicides on tobacco black shank,among which the degradation of oxadixyl was slow,and the residue of cured tobacco leaves was beyond the safety limit,indicating that it mustn't be used.[Conclusion]All pesticides have obvious control effect.Different pesticides have different absorption characteristics and degradation rules,and these characteristics should be comprehensively considered in production to reduce the risk of excessive pesticide residue.
关键词
烟叶/农药残留/降解/防治效果Key words
tobacco leaf/pesticide residue/degradation/control effects引用本文复制引用
基金项目
中国烟草总公司河南省公司科技项目(HNYCKJXM202101)
中国烟草总公司河南省公司科技项目(豫烟办[2021]27号)
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据