Effects of Different Potassium Fertilizers on Nutrient Uptake and Fruit Quality of Shine Muscat Grape
[Objective]The effects of different potassium fertilizers on plant nutrient uptake and fruit quality of grape were explored to provide the scientific basis for the selection of optimum potassium fertilizers for grape production.[Method]A field experiment was carried out by using Shine Muscat grape as the material,and no potassium fertilizer was applied as the control to analyze the differences in soil pH and nutrient,leaf photosynthetic pigments and nutrient,fruit nutrient accumulation and the quality of grape treated with four kinds of potassium fertilizers(compound fertilizer,potassium nitrate,potassium sulphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate).[Result]Potassium nitrate treatment significantly increased the contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll and carotenoid in grape leaves.Compound fertilizer treatment significantly increased the total nitrogen content in grape leaves,which increased by 9.79%compared with CK,while potassium dihydrogen phosphate played the opposite effect.Compound fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatments significantly increased leaf total phosphorus and total potassium contents,and potassium sulfate was also beneficial to total potassium accumulation in leaves.Potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment significantly increased the pH of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers.However,compound fertilizer and potassium nitrate treatments significantly decreased the pH of 20-40 cm soil layer.Compound fertilizer significantly increased the available nitrogen content in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers by 12.47%and 84.33%,respectively,compared with the corresponding CK,while potassium sulphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatments had the opposite effect.The four potassium fertilizers increased the soil available phosphorus and available potassium contents to different degrees.Soil available nutrient content was closely related to nutrient uptake of grape fruits.All four potassium fertilizers increased the VC content,soluble solids content and solid-acid ratio of grape fruits,and significantly reduced the titratable acid content.Potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate had the better effects on increasing the sugar accumulation and solid-acid ratio of grape fruits and decreasing the acid accumulation,while potassium nitrate had the best effect on increasing the VC content.[Conclusion]Potassium fertilizer should be applied in the production of Shine Muscat grape mainly with potassium sulphate,supplemental with potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Compound fertilizer and potassium nitrate should be applied before the softening of grape fruits,and potassium sulphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be applied from the softening to the maturity stage of grape fruits,thereby increasing the sugar content and sugar-acid ratio of the fruits.
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