摘要
[目的]探明钾肥与赤霉素互作对烟株生长发育与上部烟叶质量的影响,为改善上部烟叶品质提供理论支撑.[方法]以云烟87为试材,采用随机区组试验,设置CK:常规生产操作;TK1:常规生产操作,成熟期喷施 2 g/kg糖醇螯合钾;TK2:常规生产操作,基肥增施草木灰 1500 kg/hm2,打顶期喷施 20 mg/kg赤霉素;TK3:常规生产操作,基肥增施草木灰 1500 kg/hm2,打顶期喷施 20 mg/kg赤霉素和成熟期喷施 2 g/kg糖醇螯合钾 4个处理,分析不同处理对烤烟上部烟叶的田间农艺性状、生理指标、烤后烟叶的化学成分、经济性状及土壤养分含量的影响.[结果]成熟期,与CK相比,TK1、TK2 和TK3 处理均提高上部 6片烟叶的叶面积,增幅分别为 0.79%、14.91%和 20.88%;TK1 处理较CK降低上部叶开片度,TK2 和TK3 处理分别提高 0.73%和2.35%.相较CK,TK1、TK2 和TK3 处理烤后烟叶的钾含量分别显著提高 6.63%、12.15%和 16.02%(P＜0.05),上等烟率分别增加 0.70%、17.53%和 54.24%,烟碱含量分别降低 10.86%、16.85%和 15.74%,糖碱比分别提高2.97%、21.93%和 25.65%,钾氯比分别提高 19.65%、15.79%和 27.72%.[结论]相较于单纯提升基肥施钾量或叶面钾肥与赤霉素的互作,基肥中增施草木灰并结合打顶期喷施赤霉素与成熟期喷施糖醇螯合钾的协同措施更有利于提高上部烟叶的叶面积、开片度与钾含量,优化糖碱比和钾氯比,降低烟碱含量,且能显著提高上等烟比例,是提升烟叶品质的有效方法.
Abstract
[Objective]In order to provide the theoretical support for improving the quality of upper tobacco leaves,the effects of the interaction between potassium fertilizer and gibberellin on growth and development of tobacco plant and quality of upper tobacco leaves were explored.[Method]Taking Yunyan 87 as test material,four treatments were set up by a randomized block experiment,including CK(conventional production operation),TK1(conventional production operation with spraying 2 g/kg sugar alcohol chelated potassium at the maturity stage),TK2(conventional production operation with basal application of 1 500 kg/hm2 straw ash and 20 mg/kg gibberellin at the topping stage),and TK3(conventional production operation with basal application of 1 500 kg/hm2straw ash,20 mg/kg gibberellin at the topping stage and 2 g/kg sugar alcohol chelated potassium at the maturity stage).The effects of different treatments on the agronomic traits,physiological index of tobacco upper leaves in field,the chemical component leaves and economic traits of cured tobacco,and soil nutrient content were analyzed.[Result]At the maturity stage,compared with CK,TK1,TK2 and TK3 all increased the leaf area of the upper six tobacco leaves,with increments of 0.79%,14.91% and 20.88%,respectively.The upper leaf openness of TK1 reduced compared with CK,while that of TK2 and TK3 increased by 0.73% and 2.35%,respectively.Compared with CK,TK1,TK2 and TK3 significantly increased potassium content of cured tobacco leaves by 6.63%,12.15% and 16.02% (P＜0.05),first-class tobacco ratio increased by 0.70%,17.53% and 54.24%,nicotine content decreased by 10.86%,16.85% and 15.74%,sugar-nicotine ratio increased by 2.97%,21.93% and 25.65%,and potassium-chlorine ratio increased by 19.65%,15.79% and 27.72%,respectively.[Conclusion]Compared with increasing basal potassium amount or the interaction between foliar potassium and gibberellin,the synergistic treatment of basal application of straw ash combined with spraying gibberellin at the topping stage and sugar alcohol chelated potassium at the maturity stage is conducive to increasing the leaf area,leaf openness and potassium content,optimizing sugar-nicotine ratio and potassium-chlorine ratio and reducing nicotine content,and increasing first-class tobacco ratio of upper tobacco leaves significantly,which is the effective method for improving the quality of tobacco leaves.
基金项目
中国烟草总公司贵州省公司重点研发项目(2022MX19)
上海烟草有限责任公司烟叶基地技术推广项目(20223100001)
安徽省教育厅高校自然科学研究重点项目(2023AH050509)
维普
万方数据