Research on the Formation Mechanism and Catalytic Mechanism of Hail Clouds in the Eastern Side of Wumeng Mountain
To solve the technical challenges in forecasting and preventing hailstorms in mountainous areas,and gain a deeper understanding of the formation mechanism of hail disaster weather in complex mountain environments,the multi-source observation data and numerical simulations are combined in this research.The multi-source data include the frequently collected observations by the vertical observation system deployed at the hail source in the eastern part of Wumeng Mountain(Guizhou hail prevention and control field test base),the high-resolution ERA5 reanalysis data and the underlying surface data of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.The characteristics and mechanisms of topographic influence,environmental conditions,triggering dynamical factors of deep convection,cloud microphysical formation,and artificial hail suppression are studied and the existence,evolution and production mechanism of topographic potential vorticity at hail sources are discussed.The results are that a dataset of hail observations in western Guizhou Province is established,the dynamic characteristics of deep convection triggering under unstable stratification conditions over the hail source are suggested,with three key acceleration and deceleration regions found:cloud bottom acceleration,cloud top acceleration,and sinking deceleration.Factors such as ascending airflow,sinking airflow and water vapor conditions have important impacts on the growth of hailstones.A catalytic simulation of a hail process in western Guizhou is conducted,and the results show that there are significant differences in the catalytic effects of different catalytic heights,doses,and times.The best catalytic scheme is given.This study could provide an important theoretical support for understanding and predicting the occurrence and development of deep convection such as hailstorms,and also provide scientific guidance for practical hail prevention operations.
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