贵阳机场近16a冬季雷暴特征及物理机制研究
Study on the Characteristics and Physical Mechanisms of Winter Thunderstorms at Guiyang Airport over the Past 16 Years
张亚男 1刘贵萍1
作者信息
- 1. 中国民用航空西南地区空中交通管理局贵州分局,贵州 贵阳 550005
- 折叠
摘要
[目的]为给贵阳机场冬季雷暴天气的预报提供依据.[方法]利用贵阳机场人工观测资料、ERA5 再分析资料、地面及高空观测数据,对 2008-2023 年冬季贵阳机场发生的雷暴天气过程的天气学成因和物理机制进行分析和探讨.[结果](1)700 hPa和500 hPa高度层的温差达 15℃是冬季高架雷暴是否出现的重要指标,锋面雷暴下K指数为31℃左右,暖区雷暴SI在0℃以下.(2)高架雷暴中水汽分布"上干下湿"的特征显著,锋面雷暴湿层高于高架雷暴,暖区雷暴受暖湿气流影响导致整层湿度较大.(3)高架雷暴和锋面雷暴下的动力不稳定条件相对暖区雷暴更强,高架雷暴更易伴随剧烈复杂的对流性天气.(4)高架雷暴下锋后冷垫上空的中层锋区的斜压锋生使得锋后的强上升运动发展超过 500 hPa,锋面雷暴中上升运动主要由锋面抬升作用产生,暖区雷暴的上升运动主要与加深高空槽前正涡度平流产生的上升运动有关.[结论]得到的天气学模型和预报指标对贵阳冬季雷暴的预报具有指示作用.
Abstract
To provide a basis for forecasting thunderstorm weather at Guiyang Airport during the winter season,by utilizing the manual observation data at Guiyang Airport,ERA5 reanalysis data,surface and upper-air observation data,this paper investigates the meteorological causes and physical mechanisms of thunderstorm weather processes that occurred at Guiyang Airport in the winter of 2008-2023.The results shows that:(1)A temperature difference of 15 ℃ between the 700 hPa and 500 hPa levels is an important indicator for the occurrence of elevated thunderstorms.The K-index is around 31 ℃ for frontal thunderstorms,and the SI is below 0 ℃ for warm-sector thunderstorms.(2)In elevated thunderstorms,the characteristic of"dry above and moist below"in water vapor distribution is significant.The moist layer in frontal thunderstorms is higher than that in elevated thunderstorms,and warm-sector thunderstorms can cause higher humidity in the integrated atmosphere due to the influence of warm and moist air currents.(3)The dynamic instability conditions under elevated and frontal thunderstorms are relatively stronger than those in warm-sector thunderstorms,which makes elevated thunderstorms more likely to be accompanied by intense and complex convective weather.(4)Under elevated thunderstorms,the baroclinic frontal genesis in the mid-level frontal zone above the cold pool behind the front leads to the development of strong upward motion exceeding 500 hPa.In frontal thunderstorms,the upward motion is mainly generated by the lifting effect of the front,while the upward motion in warm-sector thunderstorms is primarily associated with the upward motion caused by the deepening of the positive vorticity ahead of an upper-level trough.The meteorological models and forecast indicators obtained have an indicative role in forecasting winter thunderstorms in Guiyang.
关键词
贵阳机场/高架雷暴/锋面雷暴/暖区雷暴Key words
Guiyang Airport/elevated thunderstorm/frontal thunderstorm/warm-sector thunderstorm引用本文复制引用
出版年
2025
NETL
NSTL
万方数据