Regulatory Effects of Ginsenoside F2 on LPS-induced Inflammation in RAW264.7 Cells
Most ginsenosides(the main bioactive substances in ginseng)have been shown to exert potent anti-inflammatory effects,but their anti-inflammatory mechanisms,especially that of ginsenoside F2(GF2),are incompletely understood.This study was conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of GF2 in an in vitro model of inflammation using LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.Cell viability analysis revealed that the safe concentration threshold of GF2 to be 100 μmol/L.GF2 significantly inhibited NO release in a dose-dependent manner(0～100 μmol/L)in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.GF2(50,100 μmol/L)also inhibited the mRNA expression of iNOS,IL-1β,COX2,and TNF-α.GF2 markedly downregulated the protein expression of iNOS,but not that of COX2.Further,treatment with 100 μmol/L GF2 markedly attenuated LPS-induced cell morphology changes in RAW264.7 cells.A western blot showed that GF2 increased PDK1,AKT,and IκB-α protein expression,and decreased AKT phosphorylationand NF-κB nuclear translocation.Our findings demonstrate that GF2 exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects and suggest that these effects are achieved through the AKT/IκB-α/NF-κB signaling pathway.This study can thus provide theoretical support for the development of natural anti-inflammatory drugs.
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