Upon identifying the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides extracted from Hericium erinaceus(HEP),the neural protective mechanisms were investigated.HEP was prepared from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus via aqueous extraction and alcohol precipitation.Separation and purification were achieved using DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography columns and Sephacryl S-300 HR chromatography columns.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy were used to analyze the morphology and structural characteristics of the polysaccharides.The monosaccharide composition was determined via pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone(PMP).Free radical scavenging assays were conducted to analyze the antioxidant activity of HEP.A H2O2-induced PC 12 cell model was established to explore the neuroprotective activity of HEP and its underlying mechanisms.The results demonstrated that HEP had a yield of 1.07％and could be divided into three polysaccharide fractions.These fractions exhibited non-uniform granular structures and primarily consisted of mannose,xylose,glucose,galacturonic acid,and fucose.FTIR analysis confirmed the β-configuration of HEP.HEP displayed scavenging activity against DPPH,hydroxyl radicals,and superoxide anions,with IC50 values of 1.61 mg/mL,2.23 mg/mL,and 2.89 mg/mL,respectively.Furthermore,HEP exhibited a protective effect on H,O2-induced PC 12 cell damage.The mechanism of action involved endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity remodeling and Caspase-3 activity reduction.HEP demonstrated antioxidant activity and protected against oxidative damage-induced apoptosis,suggesting its potential as a novel strategy for the treatment or prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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