Histone lactylation modification is a rapidly dynamic post-translational modification that plays an important role in macrophage polarization and functional transformation.Macrophages are one of the most important cell types in the immune sys-tem,and changes in their function can affect the activity of the entire immune system.They are also important cells in the inflam-matory microenvironment.The inflammatory microenvironment is necessary for the occurrence and development of many diseases,while the continuous existence of an anti-inflammatory state and immune escape in the tumor microenvironment hinder the improve-ment and healing of diseases.Therefore,how to regulate the inflammatory microenvironment has become an important research di-rection for the treatment of many diseases.This article reviews the biochemical pathways of histone lactylation and provides an over-view of the mechanisms by which histone lactylation regulates macrophage function to improve the inflammatory microenviron-ment.It emphasizes the importance of histone lactylation in maintaining homeostasis in organisms and its potential applications in diseases.Finally,we discussed future research directions aimed at revealing the precise regulatory mechanisms of lactylation and providing scientific basis for lactylation-based treatment strategies.
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