To enhance the accuracy of geological disaster early warning systems,research on monitoring and early warning threshold is fundamental to constructing an information-based warning system.Focusing on Changyangou landslide,a rep-resentative landslide in Badong Formation in Hubei Province,this study combined laboratory tests with numerical simula-tions to delineate the deformation and failure stages of these landslides comprehensively.By identifying characteristic pa-rameters of typical physical quantities at different stages,monitoring and early warning thresholds for the landslide are es-tablished.The results show that according to the creep test of Badong Formation mudstone and the numerical simulation of landslide displacement change,the deformation and failure process of Changyangou landslide is divided into three stages:primary stage,steady-creep stage and accelerating-creep stage.The displacement of 0.2 meters can be used as the early warning threshold for the transition from steady-creep stage to accelerating-creep stage.During this process,the stress be-tween fractures decreases while stress concentration occurs in the slip zone,leading to a sudden and sharp increase in the frictional energy,kinetic energy,and strain energy of the landslide.The number of advantageous joint surfaces formed by cracks in the front and middle parts of the landslide gradually increases.This study reveals the engineering geological e-volution characteristics of the"sliding zone-sliding body"of landslide in Badong Formation,and have theoretical and en-gineering significance for the study of the early warning threshold of the landslide"when it may occur".
landslide in Badong Formationmonitoring and early warning thresholdlaboratory testnumerical simulation
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