首页|"物自身"何以通向"有机存在者"——论"自然"概念在《判断力批判》中的演进

"物自身"何以通向"有机存在者"——论"自然"概念在《判断力批判》中的演进

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将"物自身"概念引入先验哲学体系建构后,康德虽表现出梅亚苏认为的"相关主义"倾向,使自然以知识方式被理论化,却也因对"物"的探索而同时开启突破相关主义的征程.在思路推进的过程中,审美判断所提供的逻辑反转构成关键环节.伴随这一判断力由感性化到主观化的双重转换,作为先验原则的合目的性,不再以知性(理性)规定的方式呈现自身,而是以"无目的"的方式呈现出感性品质.这不仅让合目的性的"形式"在向"无形式"的转换过程中呈现出其与物自身的可能关联,也让合目的性原则在由主观化向着客观化的推进中,呈现出自然目的的理论诉求.正是在这一思想背景下,"有机存在者"承担起作为目的的自然现实化自身的任务,并在对自然的有机化建构中获得物自身的呈现.
How Can"the Thing-in-itself"Lead to"the Organic Being"?On the Concept Evolution of"Nature"in Critique of Judgment
When integrating the concept of"thing in itself"into the construction of the transcendental philosophy system,Kant exhibited tendencies that could be interpreted as"relativism",as noted by Meillassoux.This allowed nature to be theorized within the framework of knowledge.However,through his exploration of"things in themselves",Kant also initiated a movement towards transcending relativism.In this progression,the logical inversion provided by aesthetic judgment plays a crucial role.Through the principle of purposiveness,this dual advancement from sensibility to subjectivism transforms purposiveness from a transcendental principle dictated by understanding(reason)into one that exhibits its own perceptual quality.This transformation not only reveals the potential relationship between the"form"of purposiveness and the object itself during its transition to"formlessness",but also demonstrates how purposiveness articulates the theoretical appeal of natural purpose as it moves from subjectivism toward objectification.Within this intellectual context,"organic being"assumes the task of realizing nature as an end in itself,thereby achieving the presentation of the thing in itself within the organic structure of nature.

卢春红

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中国社会科学院 哲学研究所,北京 100732

物自身 自然 无形式 合目的性 有机存在者

2025

湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
湖北大学

湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)

北大核心
影响因子:0.492
ISSN:1001-4799
年,卷(期):2025.52(1)