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我国法院在非涉外案件中适用条约的困境和出路

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我国法院在非涉外案件中适用条约问题,学界尚未达成共识,对此问题有三种理论学说。肯定说支持我国法院在非涉外案件中适用条约;否定说则反对条约在我国非涉外案件中的适用;而折衷说虽然肯定条约在我国的法律效力,但是,当条约与我国国内法规定一致时,则否定条约的适用。条约在非涉外案件中的适用具有现实的法理基础,我们应该持肯定的态度。但是,并非所有的条约都能够在非涉外案件中适用,在非涉外案件中适用条约需要满足一定的条件。目前,我国法院在非涉外案件中适用条约的实践仍处于起步阶段,法律依据尚不完善,主要体现在国内法指引条约适用的规定不统一、同一条约适用的法律依据前后矛盾等方面。因此,我国应该尽快完善非涉外案件中适用条约的法律依据,积极探索法院在非涉外案件中适用条约的可行路径;同时应当明确非涉外案件中适用条约的判断标准,逐步增加适用于非涉外案件的条约数量;采取解释性适用条约的过渡方式,寻求非涉外案件适用条约的突破。
Difficulties and Countermeasures of the Application of Treaties by Chinese Court in Non-Foreign-Related Cases
There is no consensus on the application of treaties by Chinese court in non-foreign-related cases.Three theories have been proposed.The affirmative theory supports the application of treaties in non-foreign-related cases,while the negative theory opposes the application of treaties in non-foreign-related cases.In addition,the compromised theory affirms the legal effect of treaties in China,but it denies the application of treaties when they are consistent with domestic law of China.The application of treaties in non-foreign-related cases has a profound theoretical basis.We should have a positive attitude towards the application of treaties in non-foreign-related cases.However,not all treaties can be applied,since certain preconditions need to be met for the application of treaties in non-foreign-related cases.Now the practice of applying treaties in non-foreign-related cases by Chinese courts is still in its infancy.The legal basis is not perfect,which is mainly reflected in the inconsistency of regulations in domestic laws guiding the application of treaties and the inconsistency of legal basis for the application of the same treaty.It is thus necessary to improve the legal basis for the application of treaties in non-foreign-related cases,explore the way of applying treaties in such cases,clarify the measuring factors,continuously increase the number of treaties that can be applied,and explore the new path of explanatory application.

Chinese courttreaty applicationnon-foreign-related casesdirect applicationexplanatory application

王虎华、宋尚聪

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华东政法大学国际法学院,上海 200042

我国法院 条约适用 非涉外案件 直接适用 解释性适用

华东政法大学优秀博士论文培育项目

2023-1-007

2024

河北法学
河北政法职业学院 河北省法学会

河北法学

CHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.992
ISSN:1002-3933
年,卷(期):2024.42(5)
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