Research on the"Baozheng Guild of the Trading Area"of Zhangjiakou in Ming and Qing Dynasties
Zhangjiakou's"Trading Area"was set up in the fifth year of Longqing in the Ming Dynasty,it was only opened on market days and closed immediately when trading was done.In the Qing Dynasty,it became a place where merchants with licence opened shops and could trade every day.In the Ming Dynasty,merchants who entered the trading area had to'registered with customs officials,while in the Qing Dynasty,the Baojia system of merchants autonomy was implemented in the trading area.Merchants went to northern Xinjiang were called the merchants with licences,and the guilds of those merchants of the same trade were called the guilds of mer-chants with licences.Merchants with licences occupied the position of Baozheng,and the guilds of merchants with licences monopolized the administrative autonomy of the trading area,thus forming the"Baozheng guild of the trading area".The formation and operation of the Baozheng guild of the trading area has played an important role in maintaining the business environment and order of the trading are-a and even the whole city,and also contributed to the prosperity and development of Zhangjiakou.
trading areamerchant with licenceguilds of merchants with licencesbaozhengbaozheng guild
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