The usage of the causative marker'jiao(叫)'in Beijing Mandarin in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China includes imperative,permission,and cause,and the usage of imperative is the most frequent.There are two patterns:imperative(agent-agent),and cause(agent-object,object-agent and object-object).The usage of the causative marker'jiao(叫)'in Tianjin Mandarin is close to that in Beijing Mandarin.The difference between Jianghuai Mandarin and Beijing Mandarin is that there isn't any permission usage in Jianghuai Mandarin,and unlike Beijing Mandarin and Tianjin Mandarin,there isn't any passive usage in Jianghuai Mandarin and South-west Mandarin.
关键词
叫/北京官话/清末民初/使役
Key words
Jiao(叫)/Beijing Mandarin/late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China/causative
万方数据