Effect of Different Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Pattern on the Growth and Phosphorus Fertilizer Utilization of Long-season Tomato in Greenhouse under Reduced Fertilizer Application
To explore the effects of phosphorus fertilizer reduction ratio and phosphorus fertilizer management method on tomato yield,phosphorus utilization rate and soil fertility level under simultaneous reduction of chemical fertilizer nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in high fertilizer application areas,an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located in Dingxing County,Hebei Province.Overwintered long-season tomato was chosen as the experi-mental plant.Treatments included CF(N-P2O5-K2O,1 009.5-774.0-1 458.0 kg/ha),P1(N-P2O5-K2O,750.0-375.0-1 125.0 kg/ha),PB2(N-P2O5-K2O,750.0-225.0-1 125.0 kg/ha),PT2(N-P2O5-K2O,750.0-225.0-1 125.0 kg/ha),P3(N-P2O5-K2O,750.0-75.0-1 125.0 kg/ha)and P4(N-P2O5-K2O,750.0-0.0-1 125.0 kg/ha).Fertilizer phosphorus was applied basally in the PB2 treatment,and the other fertilizer-reduced treatment fertilizer phosphorus was applied in a"Basal dressing and topdressing"method.The result showed that compared to CF,tomato yield of PT2 treatment over the three-year period revealed an average increase of 12.0％,with the high-est increase.After three years of fertilizer reduction,the root dry weight of Pl,PB2 and PT2 significantly increased,along with improvements in the chemical phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate,phosphorus fertilizer agronomic utiliza-tion rate,and the chemical phosphorus fertilizer harvest index.Compared to CF,PT2 treatment resulted in an in-crease in root shoot ratio of 48.2％,phosphorus fertilizer recovery rate and phosphorus fertilizer harvest index in-creased by an average of 32.9 and 2.7 percent points,phosphorus fertilizer agronomic utilization rate was 9.02 times higher than that of CF.PT2 treatment was the highest among all fertilizer reduction treatments.Compared to the CF treatment,soil NO3--N,Available P and Available K contents were reduced by an average of 8.2％-14.9％,4.4％-19.9％,and 7.3％-24.8％,respectively,over the three-year period.In conclusion,a 35.2％re-duction in chemical fertilizer,which included a 70.9％decrease in chemical phosphorus fertilizer,did not have a negative impact on yield in greenhouses with excessive fertilizer use.Additionally,the combination of"Basal dress-ing and topdressing"method for phosphate management enhances tomato yield in comparison to basal dressing a-lone.This method also reduces available phosphorus content and increases the efficiency of chemical phosphorus fertilizer utilization.
TomatoPhosphorus fertilizerYieldFertilizer utilization efficiencySoil available nutrient
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