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主季减氮增密对再生稻产量形成特性的影响

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为探明减氮增密对再生稻产量形成特性的影响,以杂交稻品种创两优669为材料,在3个施氮水平(N1:180 kg/hm2;N2:153 kg/hm2;N3:126 kg/hm2)与 2 个株行距(M1:20.0 cm × 16.7 cm;M2:16.7 cm × 16.7 cm)条件下开展了 2 a大田试验.结果表明,减氮降低再生稻叶面积指数(LAI),但合理减氮范围内增密可提高主季和再生季的LAI,互作处理N1M2与N2M2的LAI较高;减氮和增密均降低再生稻叶片SPAD值,但密度影响不显著;减氮导致干物质质量下降,而增密可显著提高干物质质量,互作处理N1M2与N2M2干物质质量较高.减氮降低再生稻产量,但在合理减氮范围内增密可提高产量,互作处理N1M2与N2M2产量较高.减氮显著降低主季有效穗数、穗粒数和再生季再生率、有效穗数,但增密对穗数有弥补作用,合理减氮增密(N2M2)能够协调产量构成因素的关系,从而获得较高产量.相关分析表明,合理减氮增密主要通过提高主季和再生季的LAI和干物质质量,提高主季的有效穗数和穗粒数以及再生季的有效穗数,进而提高再生稻产量.综合来看,减氮增密处理N2M2(施N 153 kg/hm2、株行距16.7 cm ×16.7 cm)可以节氮15%,并可获得较高产量.
Effect of Reducing Nitrogen and Increasing Density in the Main Season on Yield Formation Characteristics of Ratooning Rice
In order to investigate the effect of reducing nitrogen and increasing density on the yield formation characteristics of ratooning rice,hybrid rice variety Chuangliangyou 669 was used as the material to conduct two years of field experiments under conditions of three nitrogen application rates(N1:180 kg/ha;N2:153 kg/ha;N3:126 kg/ha)and two plant row spacing(M1:20.0 cm × 16.7 cm;M2:16.7 cm×16.7 cm).The results showed that:reducing nitrogen reduced the leaf area index(LAI)of ratooning rice,but increasing density within a reasonable range of nitrogen reduction could increase the LAI of the main and ratooning seasons.The LAI of N1M2 and N2M2 was higher in the interaction treatments.Reducing nitrogen and increasing density both reduced the SPAD value of ratooning rice leaves,but the effect of density was not significant.Reducing nitrogen led to a decrease in dry matter weight,while increasing density could significantly increase dry matter weight.The interaction treatment of N1M2 and N2M2 had a higher dry matter weight.Reducing nitrogen reduced the yield of ratooning rice,but increasing density within a reasonable range of nitrogen reduction could increase yield.The interaction treatment of N1M2 and N2M2 had a higher yield.Reducing nitrogen significantly reduced the number of effective panicles in the main sea-son,the total number of grains per panicle,and the regeneration rate and number of effective panicles in the ratoo-ning season.However,increasing density had a compensatory effect on the number of panicles.Reasonable nitrogen reduction and density increase(N2 M2)could coordinate the relationship among yield components and achieve high-er yields.The correlation analysis showed that reasonable nitrogen reduction and density increase increased the ef-fective number of panicles and total grains per panicle in the main season,as well as the effective number of pani-cles in ratooning season mainly by increasing LAI and dry matter weight of the main and ratooning season,and thereby improving the yield of ratooning rice.Overall,the nitrogen reduction and density increase treatment N2M2(nitrogen rate of 153 kg/ha,plant row spacing of 16.7 cm × 16.7 cm)can save 15%nitrogen and achieve a higher yield.

Ratooning riceNitrogenDensityYield

郑德超、田琴琴、王罕、陈秋红、黄新杰、易镇邪

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湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙 410128

衡南县农业农村局,湖南衡阳 421100

湖南生物机电职业技术学院,湖南长沙 410127

再生稻 氮肥 密度 产量

湖南省重点研发计划湖南省自然科学基金部门联合基金湖南省自然科学基金面上项目

2023NK20042023JJ602272022JJ30303

2024

华北农学报
河北,北京,天津,山西,河南,内蒙古六省市农科院农学会

华北农学报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子:1.067
ISSN:1000-7091
年,卷(期):2024.39(4)