土壤有机碳和腐殖质组分受土壤自身质量、施肥管理措施等因素的影响，为明确长期化肥施用对不同土层土壤有机碳(SOC)和土壤腐殖质组分含量的调控效果，在山东莱阳43 a(2021年)长期定位施肥试验，选择低量氮肥(N1)、高量氮肥(N2)、高量氮肥配施磷肥(NP)、高量氮肥配施钾肥(NK)、高氮配施磷钾肥(NPK)和不施肥对照(CK)6个处理。结果表明，与CK相比，N1能够显著提高0～5 cm的SOC含量，其增幅为22。84％，单施氮肥处理能够显著提高5～10 cm的SOC含量，N1、N2的增幅分别为20。94％，28。60％，N1能够显著提高10～20 cm的SOC含量，增幅为17。05％，而其他处理无显著变化。化肥施用能够改变土壤腐殖质组分含量，与CK相比，N1可以显著提高10～20 cm和20～30 cm 土层胡敏酸(HA)的含量，增幅分别为22。86％，40。49％，而0～10 cm 土层无显著变化;NP可以显著提高0～5 cm，5～10 cm 土层富里酸(FA)含量，增幅分别为89。44％和124。63％，NK可以显著提高10～20 cm土层FA的含量，增幅为100。22％，NPK可以显著提高20～30 cm 土层FA的含量，增幅为107。48％;N1可以显著提高0～5 cm 土层胡敏素(Hu)的含量，增幅为69。34％，N2可以显著提高5～10 cm 土层Hu的含量，增幅为66。18％，N1可以显著提高10～20 cm 土层Hu的含量，增幅为79。50％，而20～30 cm 土层无显著变化。综上表明，在本试验条件下，长期施用化肥可以有效提高非石灰性潮土的土壤有机碳的固定、改变土壤腐殖质组分，且不同的施肥策略影响存在较大差异，其中单施氮肥处理的固碳量效果较好。
Effects of Long-term Application of Chemical Fertilizers on Organic Carbon and Humus Composition in Noncalcareous Fluvo-aquic Soil
Soil organic carbon and humus components are affected by soil quality,fertilization management measures and other factors.In order to clarify the regulation effect of long-term chemical fertilizer application on soil organic carbon(SOC)and soil humus components in different soil layers,a 43 a(2021)long-term fertilization experi-ment was conducted in Laiyang,Shandong Province.Six treatments were selected:low nitrogen fertilizer(N1),high nitrogen fertilizer(N2),high nitrogen fertilizer combined with phosphorus fertilizer(NP),high nitrogen fertilizer combined with potassium fertilizer(NK),high nitrogen combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer(NPK)and no fertilizer control(CK).The results showed that compared with CK,N1 could significantly increase the SOC content of 0-5 cm,with an increase of 22.84％.Single nitrogen fertilizer treatment could significantly increase the SOC content of 5-10 cm,with an increase of 20.94％and 28.60％in N1 and N2,respectively.N1 could signifi-cantly increase the SOC content of 10-20 cm,with an increase of 17.05％,while other treatments had no signifi-cant change.Compared with CK,N1 could significantly increase the content of humic acid(HA)in 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers,with an increase of 22.86％and 40.49％,respectively,while there was no significant change in 0-10 cm soil layer.NP could significantly increase the content of fulvic acid(FA)in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers by 89.44％and 124.63％,respectively.NK could significantly increase the content of FA in 10-20 cm soil layer by 100.22％,and NPK could significantly increase the content of FA in 20-30 cm soil layer by 107.48％.N1 could significantly increase the content of humin(Hu)in 0-5 cm soil layer,with an increase of 69.34％.N2 could significantly increase the content of Hu in 5-10 cm soil layer,with an increase of 66.18％.N1 could signifi-cantly increase the content of Hu in 10-20 cm soil layer,with an increase of 79.50％,while there was no signifi-cant change in 20-30 cm soil layer.In summary,under the conditions of this experiment,long-term application of chemical fertilizers can effectively improve the fixation of soil organic carbon in non-calcareous fluvo-aquic soil and change the composition of soil humus,and the effects of different fertilization strategies are quite different.Among them,the effect of single application of nitrogen fertilizer on carbon sequestration is better.
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