Advances and Prospect on Mechanism of Salt Tolerance in Plants
Plant growth and production are faced with various biological and abiotic stresses,among which salt stress seriously affects the normal growth and development,quality and yield formation of plants.Plants have evolved morphological structure,physiological and biochemical reactions and genetic basis to adapt to salt stress during the long process of evolution.In terms of morphological structure,the leaves of salt-tolerant plants have waxy layer and lower stomatal density than those of salt-sensitive plants,and salt glands,microhairs,salt vesicles,and casparian strip have salt secretion or blocking functions.In terms of physiological activity regulation,on the one hand,salt-tol-erant plants have high enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant substances,such as SOD,CAT,phenolic substances,on the other hand,salt-tolerant plants have a high content of osmoregulatory substances,or can synthesize osmoregula-tory substances under salt stress,including soluble proteins and sugars of organic substances and inorganic ions.In terms of molecular mechanism,SOS pathway is the most clearly studied ion regulation pathway,which maintains intra-cellular Na+/K+balance through the synergistic action of SOS1,SOS2 and SOS3.In addition,plant hormones and carbon metabolism pathways also play an important role in the process of plant salt tolerance.This paper summarizes the research progress of salt-tolerant plants,and discusses the potential research focus and direction of salt-tolerant plants in terms of morphological structure,physiological basis,genetic molecular basis and transgenic methods in re-sponse to salt stress,which will help researchers quickly find the breakthrough point,gradually improve the mecha-nism system of salt-tolerant plants,and accelerate the efficient utilization of salt-tolerant plants.
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