为提升黄淮海地区夏玉米磷肥效率、减少农田磷素固定和提高籽粒产量,试验采用田间微区及大区两种试验方法,分别设置了 7个磷肥施用深度及比例:不施磷肥MP0∶0、FP0∶0;一层施磷0～20 cm(MP1∶0和FP1∶0),一层施磷 20～40 cm(MP0∶1 和 FP0∶1),0～20 和 20～40 cm 两层施磷(MP4∶1、MP3∶2、MP2∶3、MP1∶4;FP4∶1、FP3∶2、FP2∶3、FP1∶4).结果表明:与其他施磷处理比,MP2∶3的玉米叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度分别提高2.1％～23.3％、1.4％～10.0％、1.2％～20.7％;成熟期植株地上部干物质积累量提高2.7％～30.1％;磷积累量及磷肥利用率、农学效率、偏生产力均最高,MP3∶2次之.MP2∶3、MP3∶2产量较其他施磷处理产量显著增加4.26％～29.26％、6.75％～23.98％.成熟期20～40 cm 土层中MP2∶3、FP2∶3有效磷含量显著提高,0～40 cm 土壤磷含量分布更趋于均衡.因此,0～20 cm和20～40 cm两层施磷且比例2∶3(MP2∶3、FP2∶3)处理可以均衡土壤磷素空间分布,促使作物根系向下生长吸收充足磷养分,提高玉米叶片光合能力,提升磷素吸收利用,增加玉米干物质和磷素的积累并更多地向籽粒转移,提高籽粒产量,是生产中值得推广的可实现机械化的一种高效施磷肥方式.
Effects of application depth and proportion of phosphorus fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics,phosphorus utilization and yield of maize
In order to improve the phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency of maize,reduce phosphorus fixation in farmland and increase grain yield in Huang-Huai-Hai area,this study compared 7 application methods of phosphorus(P)fertilizer under different depths and ratios in micro area and large area fields.The treatments included No application of P fertilizer(MP0∶0,FP0∶0),one layer of P application at 0-20 cm soil depth(MP1∶0,FP1∶0),one layer of P application at 20-40 cm soil depth(MP0∶1,FP0∶1),and two layers of P application at both 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm(MP4∶1,MP3∶2,MP2∶3,MP1∶4;FP4∶1,FP3∶2,FP2∶3,FP1∶4).The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of maize leaves under MP2∶3 were increased by 2.1％ -23.3％ ,1.4％ -10.0％ ,1.2％ -20.7％ ,respectively.The accumulation of dry matter in plants at maturity stage was increased from 2.7％ to 30.1％ .The accumulation of P fertilizer utilization efficiency,agronomic efficiency,and partial productivity under MP2∶3 were all the highest,followed by MP3∶2.The yields of MP2∶3 and MP3∶2 were significantly increased by 4.26％ -29.26％ and 6.75％ -23.98％ compared with the other other P application treatments.The effective P content of MP2∶3 and FP2∶3 significantly increased in 20-40 cm soil layer,and the distribution of P content in the 0-40 cm soil layer tended to be more balanced.Therefore,applying P in two soil layers at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm with a ratio of 2:3(MP2∶3,FP2∶3)can balance the spatial distribution of soil P,promote the downward growth of crop roots to absorb sufficient P nutrients,improve the photosynthetic capacity of leaves,enhance P absorption and utilization,increase the accumulation of dry matter and P,and transfer more to grains of maize.This is a highly efficient mechanized application method of P fertilizer that is worth promoting in production.
phosphorus fertilizerapplication location and ratiomaizephotosynthetic characteristicsyieldsoil P
万方数据
维普
