摘要
为提升黄淮海地区夏玉米磷肥效率、减少农田磷素固定和提高籽粒产量,试验采用田间微区及大区两种试验方法,分别设置了 7个磷肥施用深度及比例:不施磷肥MP0∶0、FP0∶0;一层施磷0～20 cm(MP1∶0和FP1∶0),一层施磷 20～40 cm(MP0∶1 和 FP0∶1),0～20 和 20～40 cm 两层施磷(MP4∶1、MP3∶2、MP2∶3、MP1∶4;FP4∶1、FP3∶2、FP2∶3、FP1∶4).结果表明:与其他施磷处理比,MP2∶3的玉米叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度分别提高2.1％～23.3％、1.4％～10.0％、1.2％～20.7％;成熟期植株地上部干物质积累量提高2.7％～30.1％;磷积累量及磷肥利用率、农学效率、偏生产力均最高,MP3∶2次之.MP2∶3、MP3∶2产量较其他施磷处理产量显著增加4.26％～29.26％、6.75％～23.98％.成熟期20～40 cm 土层中MP2∶3、FP2∶3有效磷含量显著提高,0～40 cm 土壤磷含量分布更趋于均衡.因此,0～20 cm和20～40 cm两层施磷且比例2∶3(MP2∶3、FP2∶3)处理可以均衡土壤磷素空间分布,促使作物根系向下生长吸收充足磷养分,提高玉米叶片光合能力,提升磷素吸收利用,增加玉米干物质和磷素的积累并更多地向籽粒转移,提高籽粒产量,是生产中值得推广的可实现机械化的一种高效施磷肥方式.
Abstract
In order to improve the phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency of maize,reduce phosphorus fixation in farmland and increase grain yield in Huang-Huai-Hai area,this study compared 7 application methods of phosphorus(P)fertilizer under different depths and ratios in micro area and large area fields.The treatments included No application of P fertilizer(MP0∶0,FP0∶0),one layer of P application at 0-20 cm soil depth(MP1∶0,FP1∶0),one layer of P application at 20-40 cm soil depth(MP0∶1,FP0∶1),and two layers of P application at both 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm(MP4∶1,MP3∶2,MP2∶3,MP1∶4;FP4∶1,FP3∶2,FP2∶3,FP1∶4).The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of maize leaves under MP2∶3 were increased by 2.1％ -23.3％ ,1.4％ -10.0％ ,1.2％ -20.7％ ,respectively.The accumulation of dry matter in plants at maturity stage was increased from 2.7％ to 30.1％ .The accumulation of P fertilizer utilization efficiency,agronomic efficiency,and partial productivity under MP2∶3 were all the highest,followed by MP3∶2.The yields of MP2∶3 and MP3∶2 were significantly increased by 4.26％ -29.26％ and 6.75％ -23.98％ compared with the other other P application treatments.The effective P content of MP2∶3 and FP2∶3 significantly increased in 20-40 cm soil layer,and the distribution of P content in the 0-40 cm soil layer tended to be more balanced.Therefore,applying P in two soil layers at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm with a ratio of 2:3(MP2∶3,FP2∶3)can balance the spatial distribution of soil P,promote the downward growth of crop roots to absorb sufficient P nutrients,improve the photosynthetic capacity of leaves,enhance P absorption and utilization,increase the accumulation of dry matter and P,and transfer more to grains of maize.This is a highly efficient mechanized application method of P fertilizer that is worth promoting in production.
基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901003)
河北省重点研发计划项目(22326401D)
河北农业大学科学发展基金项目(JY2022005)
维普
万方数据