Thunderstorms in Madrid:On Gender Regulation and Medical Rituals in the Spanish Drama"Mujeres y Criados"
Gender equality and gender relations has emerged as one of the focal points of research in European and American theatrical academia in recent years.Respect and care for women also constitute significant societal issues in contemporary China.This paper takes the 17th-century Spanish play"Mujeres y Criados"as its object of study.Based on meticulous research into detailed historical documents in English and Spanish,it analyses the gender relations and medical rituals in the 17th-century Spanish patriarchal society depicted in the play.Backwards medical beliefs and pervasive societal ills of the era stripped Spanish aristocratic women of the right to control their own bodies.They were forced to ingest molten steel under male scrutiny.When illness became a subjective invention,medication consumption transformed into a form of discipline for women.
Spanish theatreillness and medical practicesgender regulationnew cultural historyrituals