Stasis-Removing Method on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt2 Signaling Pathway in an Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Model
Objective:To explore the effects and mechanisms of the spleen-fortifying,phlegm-resol-ving,and stasis-removing method on glucose and lipid metabolism in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:T2DM was induced in rats using a high-fat diet combined with a low dose of streptozoto-cin.The rats were divided into control,model,and three treatment groups with low,medium,and high doses of the spleen-fortifying,phlegm-resolving,and stasis-removing formula.Serum inflammatory cytokines,bio-chemical indicators,and key enzyme activities related to glucose metabolism in the liver were measured using ELISA kits.mRNA levels of key insulin signaling pathway targets were detected by qPCR.Western blotting was used to assess the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),phosphorylated PI3K(p-PI3K),protein kinase B(Akt),phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt),and glucose transporter 2(Glut2)in the liver.Re-sults:Compared with the control group,the model group had significantly elevated serum levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin(FINS),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),free fatty acids(FFA),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and significantly reduced high-density lipopro-tein cholesterol(HDL-C).The treatment with the spleen-fortifying,phlegm-resolving,and stasis-removing formula significantly reduced FINS,TG,TC,LDL-C,and FFA levels,while increasing HDL-C levels com-pared with the model group.Additionally,serum levels of CRP,IFN-γ,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,and NO were significantly higher in the model group compared to the control group,but were significantly reduced after treatment.The activities of PEPCK,FBPase,G6Pase,and GP enzymes were elevated in the model group but decreased significantly following treatment.Moreover,the expression of IRS-1,p-PI3K,and p-Akt2 was in-creased in the model group but significantly reduced with the treatment.Conclusion:The spleen-fortifying,phlegm-resolving,and stasis-removing method may improve glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM rats by activating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt2 signaling pathway.
Type 2 diabetes mellitusSpleen-fortifying phlegm-resolving and stasis-removing methodGlucose and lipid metabolismIRS-1/PI3K/Akt2 signaling pathway
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