Research progress in biosensors based on bacterial two-component systems
Two-component systems(TCSs)in bacteria,are capable of sensing and making responses to physical,chemical,and biological stimuli within and outside the cells,and subsequently induce a wide range of cellular processes through the role played by the regulatory component and the response component in combination,which is a ubiquitous signal transduction pathway.At present,an growing number of synthetic biologists have devoted their effort to using the specific and irreplaceable properties of TCSs to design biosensors with the aim of applying in optogenetics,materials science,engineering of gut microbiome,biorefining and soil improvement,and the like.The purpose of this review is to focus on the most recent research advances in the development of biosensors based on TCSs and their potential applications.At the same time,topics of great importance are discussed on how to use novel engineering methods with synthetic biology to improve the reliability and robustness of the performance of the biosensors,such as genetic remodeling,DNA-binding domain swapping,tuning of the detection threshold and isolation of phosphorylation crosstalk as well as on how to customize the signal characteristics of TCSs to meet particular needs according to the requirements of specific applications.It would be possible in the future for scientists to combine these methods with gene synthesis on a large scale and high-throughput screening in order to speed up and give synthetic biologists a hand in the discovery of TCSs with numerous uncharacterized signal inputs and the development of genetically encoded novel biosensors that may be capable of responding to a broad range of stimuli.This allows for extending the applications of the biosensors in different fields.
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