The polymerization behavior of buta-diene was studied using a catalytic system composed of modified neodymium neodecanoate[m-Nd(vers)3]as the main catalyst,triisobutyl aluminum as co-cata-lysts and chlorine sources.The effects of amount of co-catalyst triisobutyl aluminum,chlorine source structure,polymerization temperature and amount of catalyst on the polymerization activity of butadiene,structure selectivity of cis-1,4-unit,molecular weight and its distribution of the polymer were investigated.The results showed that polybutadiene catalysized by m-Nd(vers)3/triisobutyl aluminum/sesquiethyl alu-minum chloride system could be obtained with high-er catalytic activity,ultra-high content of cis-1,4-unit structure(mole fraction up to 99.2%),high number-average molecular weight(1.19×105 to 4.12×105)and narrow molecular weight distribution(polydispersity index less than 2.5).