为探究焊枪倾角对缆式焊丝熔化极气体保护焊(gas metal arc welding,GMAW)焊接过程和焊缝成形的影响,通过对比研究分析了不同焊枪倾角下焊接电弧形态、熔滴过渡特征和焊缝形貌特点及影响机理,研究结果表明:在相同焊接条件下,电弧宽度随着焊枪倾角的增加减小,前倾相对后倾电弧具有更好的稳定性;相同焊枪倾角下,前倾电弧宽度相对后倾宽度减小11％.熔滴过渡频率随焊枪倾角的增加而增加,并随着角度增加逐渐呈现沿轴线过渡;前倾时飞溅小于后倾状态,熔滴过渡频率相对后倾增加32％.不同焊枪倾角下,前倾焊缝成形优于后倾状态;后倾时随角度减小焊缝成形逐渐变差,且产生咬边和大颗粒飞溅等缺陷.焊枪倾角为60°和75°时,焊枪前倾比后倾熔宽平均增加约43％,熔深平均减小约18％,余高相近.
Effect of welding torch inclination angle on droplet transfer behavior and weld formation of CWW GMAW
To investigate the effect of welding torch inclination on the welding process and weld formation of ca-ble-type welding wire(CWW)gas metal arc welding(GM AM),the influence laws and mechanisms of welding arc morphology,droplet transfer characteristics,and weld formation under different welding torch inclination an-gles were analyzed.The experimental research results show that the arc width decreases with the increase of the welding torch inclination angle,and the forward tilt arc has better stability compared to the backward tilt arc un-der the same welding conditions.The width of the forward tilt arc decreases by 11％compared to the backward tilt width at the same inclination angle.The frequency of droplet transfer increases with the increase of the incli-nation angle of the welding torch,and gradually shows a transition along the axis as the angle increases.When tilting forward,the splashing is less than that of backward tilting,and the droplet transfer frequency increases by 32％compared with the backward tilting case.The formation of the forward inclined weld seam is better than that of the backward inclined state under different inclination angles of the welding torch.As the angle decreases,the weld formation gradually deteriorates,and defects such as undercuts and large particle splashes occur.The for-ward inclination of the welding gun has an average increase of 43％in weld width and an average decrease of 43％in weld depth,and with similar weld reinforcement compared to the same conditions of backward tilting when the inclination angles of the welding gun are 60 ° and 75 °.
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