The Impact of the"Double Reduction"Policy on the Participation and Expenditure of Students'Families on Off-campus Tutoring
The"Double Reduction"policy proposes the goal of"reducing the burden of off-campus tutoring expenditures on the families of students in the compulsory education stage."However,there is currently a lack of re-search to evaluate the degree of achievement of this policy goal.This study uses a large sample survey data of famil-ies of students in the compulsory education stage sampled nationwide,applying the difference-in-differences model(DID)to analyze the impact of the"Double Reduction"policy on the participation and expenditure of students'fam-ilies on off-campus tutoring.The study found that(1)the"Double Reduction"policy has significantly reduced the participation and expenditure of students'families on"disciplinary"off-campus tutoring.The effect remain robust after applied PSM-DID model.(2)the"Double Reduction"policy has a significant reduction effect on student famil-ies'participation in various"disciplinary"off-campus tutoring in"mid-semester,winter and summer vacations","online and offline".The conclusion remain robust after applied PSM-DID model.(3)The"Double Reduction"policy has a significantly increasing effect on the participation and expenditure of students'families in"non-discip-linary"off-campus tutoring,and the findings does not pass the PSM-DID robustness test.(4)Heterogeneity analysis found that the"double reduction"policy significantly reduced the participation and expenditure of"disciplinary"off-campus tutoring for families of students with middle and low socioeconomic backgrounds,but had no significant impact on families of students with high socioeconomic backgrounds.The research findings of this article provide evidence that the"Double Reduction"policy goal has been achieved.The government should strengthen the supervi-sion of"disciplinary"off-campus tutoring,further strengthen the supervision of"non-disciplinary"off-campus tu-toring,intensify efforts to manage the"invisible variation"problem of"non-disciplinary"off-campus tutoring.
"Double Reduction"policyparticipation in off-campus tutoringoff-campus tutoring expendituredifference-in-differences model
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