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马克思的"机器体系":基于资本逻辑的技术批判路径

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马克思在《资本论》及其手稿的准备阶段以劳动为诠释资本逻辑的核心要素,提出"机器体系"的概念,作为资本生产三要素之一的劳动工具.该概念彰显出被资本主义生产关系所左右的机器,在其自动化的迭代中转变为可以左右人的活劳动形式的"体系".劳动者,一方面沦为站在机器体系旁边的智能器官,另一方面却也作为推进资本增殖的酵母而左右着机器体系可能迭代的速度与方向,机器体系本质上仍然是人的产物.由此决定了机器体系的诞生固然依赖于资本主义生产方式,但却因作为人的产物,具有了逃离资本的可能性方式.马克思在《1857-1858年经济手稿》中,借助于机器体系的生产对人类社会财富之本质规定的变革,提出机器体系为人的解放所提供的自由时间的增加,以及对劳动价值论的瓦解,从而瓦解资本逻辑的全部可能性,为今天处于激进迭代的技术批判提供了一种基于资本逻辑所特有的批判视角.
Marx's"Machine System":A Technological Criticism Path Based on Capital Logic
Marx proposed the concept of"machine system"as one of the three elements of capital pro-duction,using labor as the core element to interpret the logic of capital in the preparation stage of Capital and its manuscript.This concept embodies the transformation of machines,which are influ-enced by capitalist production relations,into a"system"that can influence the forms of human labor in its automated iterations.Laborers,on the one hand,become intelligent organs standing next to the machine system,but on the other hand,they also act as yeast to promote capital growth and influence the speed and direction of possible iterations of the machine system.The machine system is essentially still a product of humans.This determines that the birth of the machine system certainly depends on the capitalist mode of production,but as a product of human beings,it has the possibility of escaping from capital.In his Economic Manuscripts of 1857-1858,Marx proposed the transformation of the essential definition of human social wealth through the production of machine systems,proposing the increase of free time provided by machine systems for human liberation,as well as the disintegration of labor value theory,thereby dismantling all possibilities of capital logic.This provides a critical per-spective based on capital logic for today's radical iteration of technological criticism.

machine systemcapital logiclaborwealth

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四川美术学院,重庆 400053

清华大学 哲学系,北京 100084

机器体系 资本逻辑 劳动 财富

2025

河北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
河北大学

河北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)

影响因子:0.554
ISSN:1000-6378
年,卷(期):2025.50(1)