Methods for determination of microplastics and their ecotoxicological effects on aquatic organisms
The research progress of separation and analysis methods of Microplastics(MPs),including mechanical filtration,chemical treatment,colloidal coprecipitation,density gradient centrifugation and optical/fluorescence/Raman analysis,was reviewed.Their advantages,disadvantages and application range were also introduced,which provided a reference for the detection,monitoring and evaluation of microplastics pollution.The toxic effects of MPs on aquatic organisms were also reviewed:MPs could cause physical damage to the digestive tract of aquatic organisms during ingestion,while the ingestion of MPs could increase satiety and affect the digestion and absorption of food by aquatic organisms;the ingestion of MPs could also alter the composition and diversity of microbial communities in the gut of aquatic organisms;MPs exposure could cause genetic alterations in aquatic organisms.The effects of MPs on the digestive system and the disruption of gut microbial homeostasis may be one of the causes of genetic alterations related to lipid and energy metabolism in organisms;the physical damage to the digestive tract and the accumulation and spread of MPs in organisms may be the main cause of oxidative stress and immune responses.MPs could adsorb and enrich other substances,resulting in more severe combined toxicological effects on organisms.The physical damage to the digestive tract of organisms and their accumulation and spread in the organism may be the main cause of oxidative stress and immune response.
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