On Zhang Ying's Natural Aesthetic Thoughts in"Fushan·Ten Sitting Places"
Zhang Ying was one of the pioneers of the Tongcheng School.He spent his early years in the palace and later in life found solace in the mountains and waters.He especially ad-mired the picturesque Fushan in his hometown of Congyang,known for its peaks,rocks,caves,and ravines,and wrote a group of poems titled"Fushan·Ten Sitting Places"to praise its beau-ty.The poems embody a simple natural aesthetic philosophy of"airy,strange,secluded,and changeable",which resonates with his garden design practices after retiring to the mountains,such as the Cijin Garden,Furong Creek,and Shuangxi Garden,pioneering the literary garden design of the Tongcheng School.
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