Objective To explore the role of empowerment theory in surgery human resources research.Methods Surgical nurses of The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical Uni-versity from Janurary 2023 to September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the au-thorization group and the routine group by random number table,and 160 subjects were includ-ed in the authorization group and 140 subjects in the conventional group.The authorization group was managed according to the empowerment theory,and the routine group conducted rou-tine care management.The management level,the subjective recognition of human resource re-search,the unity of the nurse team,and patients'satisfaction with care work of the two groups were evaluated.Results The total average score of empowerment management level in the em-powerment group was(4.34±0.24),higher than that(3.59±0.28)in the routine group(P<0.01).The empowerment group had better job control(4.00±0.63),self-efficacy(3.19±0.66),occupational stress(67.44±6.92),and professional identity(67.44±6.92)than the routine group(P<0.05).The total average score of team solidarity in the empowerment group was(4.15±0.39),which was higher than that(3.59±0.69)in the routine group,P<0.05.The patient satisfaction score of the empowerment group was(85.64±5.23),higher than that(82.58±4.89)of the routine group(P<0.05).Conclusion Empowerment theo-ry can effectively improve the work enthusiasm of nurses,enhance the cohesion of the nursing team,and improve the satisfaction of patients.