Relationship between anti-nuclear antibody spectrum in pregnant women and fetal developmental abnormalities
Aim:To explore the relationship between anti-nuclear antibody spectrum in pregnant women and fetal de-velopmental abnormalities.Methods:A total of 2 490 pregnant women who underwent anti-nuclear antibody spectrum exam-ination at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to December 2023 were selected,and fe-tal development was dectected through fetal four-dimensional ultrasound and fetal echocardiography.Immunoblotting method was used to detect the serum anti-nuclear antibody spectrum of pregnant women(anti-double stranded DNA antibody,anti-nucleosome antibody,anti-histone antibody,anti-ribosomal protein P antibody,anti-SM antibody,anti-nRNP antibody,anti-SSA/Ro60 antibody,anti-SSA/Ro52 antibody,anti-SSB/La antibody,anti-centromere antibody,anti-Scl-70 antibody,and anti-Jo-1 antibody).The positive detection rate of serum anti-nuclear antibody spectrum between pregnant women with ab-normal fetal development and those with normal fetal development was compared.The detection of serum anti-centromere an-tibody,anti-SSA/Ro52 antibody,anti-centromere or anti-SSA/Ro52 antibody,and anti-SSA/Ro60+SSA/Ro52+SSB/La antibodies in pregnant women with fetal cardiac abnormal and normal development was performed.The diagnostic value of anti-nuclear antibody spectrum in fetal cardiac abnormalities was analyzed.Results:The total positive detection rate of anti-nuclear antibody spectrum in 2 490 pregnant women was 5.38%.The positive rate of anti-nuclear antibody spectrum in pregnant women with abnormal fetal development was 7.2%(37/514),which was higher than that[4.9%(97/1 976)]in pregnant women with normal fetal development(P=0.040).There were no significant differences in the positive detection rate of anti-SSA/Ro60 antibody,anti-SSA/Ro52 antibody,anti-SSB/La antibody,or anti-centromere antibody between the abnormal fetal development group and the normal fetal development group(P>0.05),78 pregnant women had fetal cardiac development abnormalities,including 51 cases of cardiovascular malformations and 27 cases of arrhythmia.There were sig-nificant differences in the positive detection rate of anti-centromere antibody,anti-SSA/Ro52 antibody,anti-centromere or SSA/Ro52 antibodies,anti-SSA/Ro60+SSA/Ro52+SSB/La antibodies between pregnant women with fetal cardiac abnor-mal and normal development group(P<0.05).The sensitivity and negative predictive values of anti-centromere antibody or anti-SSA Ro52 antibody for predicting fetal cardiac abnormal development were the highest,with values of 0.090 and 0.971,respectively;the specificity and positive predictive values of anti-centromere antibody were 0.999 and 0.400,respec-tively.Conclusion:Pregnant women with positive anti-centromere antibody,anti-SSA/Ro52 antibodies,or anti-SSA/Ro60+SSA/Ro52+SSB/La antibodies by the anti-nuclear antibody spectrum might indicate abnormal fetal cardiac development.
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