Effects of organic fertilizer substitution for fertilizer nitrogen on yield and soil fertility of winter wheat-summer maize
[Objective]To find out the alternative of organic fertilizer suitable for increasing crop yield and soil fertility in sandy fluvo-aquic soil area,providing theoretical basis for crop yield increase and soil fertilization improvement in the region.[Method]A winter wheat-summer maize field trial was con-ducted on sandy fluvo-aquic soil in Xinxiang County,Henan Province from October 2021 to October 2023.The effects of conventional chemical fertilizer(N0),organic fertilizer replacement mass frac-tion 20%nitrogen fertilizer(N20)and organic fertilizer replacement mass fraction 40%nitrogen fer-tilizer(N40)on growth traits,yield,nutrient accumulation,soil physicochemical properties and extracellular enzyme activity of winter wheat and summer maize were studied.[Result]Compared with conventional fertilizers,organic fertilizer partially replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the yield of winter wheat by 27.7%-36.3%.The N20 treatment had a better effect on increasing the yield of winter wheat,reducing the soil bulk density,increasing the proportion of aggre-gates with a diameter of>0.25 mm,and increasing the soil organic carbon content of winter wheat by 0.86-2.77 g·kg-1.The total nitrogen content was increased by 0.07-0.21 g·kg-1,the enzyme activities of N-Acetyl-glucosamidase,α-Glucosidase,β-Cellobiosidase,β-Xylosidase and Leucine-aminopeptidase were enhanced,and the accumulation and yield of above-ground nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were also increased.The N40 treatment increased the relative chlorophyll content and leaf area index of late summer maize in the large bell stage by 13.6%and 8.7%,decreased the mean canopy temperature of summer maize by 0.91-1.49℃,and increased the contents of soil organic carbon,ammonium nitro-gen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and above-ground nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation,resulting in a 32.1%and 19.0%increase in summer maize yield.[Conclusion]The organic fertilizer replacement mass fraction 20%and 40%nitrogen fertilizer could increase the yield and the accumulation of NPK in winter wheat and summer maize,and improve the physical and chemical properties of soil.The replacement of mass fraction 20%nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer can also increase the annual net yield of wheat-maize rotation in 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 by 19.7%and 10.5%,respectively.Therefore,the replacement of nitrogen fertilizer with mass fraction 20%organic fertilizer can be used as a fertilization scheme to take into account crop yield,fertility improvement and economic benefit of sandy fluvo-aquic soil in northern Henan Province.
organic fertilizer replaces chemical nitrogen fertilizersandy fluvo-aquic soilwinter wheatsummer maizeyieldsoil physical and chemical properties
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