摘要
延迟焦化工艺是炼油行业为生产石油焦和提高轻质油收率的主要加工装置.它将一些重质低价值油品如常压渣油、重质燃料油、减压渣油、重质原油、减黏渣油等,经深度热裂化反应后转化为具有高价值的产品,同时生成石油焦.在生产操作中对焦炭的冷却处理、焦炭的水力除焦方式以及加热炉燃烧的烟气排放等原因造成的环境问题都应当予以重视,可通过优化工艺操作、设计改造设备等方式加以解决.文章论述了延长冷焦的时间与温度、放缓放水的速度、控制燃料的污染源等的影响,采取了冷焦水罐水封罐的大气放空改为尾气回收处理、焦池露天放空改为加盖密闭处理、设立运输车清洗系统等设备改造措施,以实现清洁生产.
Abstract
The delayed coking process is the main processing device in the refining industry for producing petroleum coke and improving the yield of light oil.It converts some heavy and low value oil products,such as atmospheric residue,heavy fuel oil,vacuum residue,heavy crude oil,and reduced viscosity residue,into high value products after deep thermal cracking reaction,while generating petroleum coke.Attention should be paid to the environmental issues caused by the cooling treatment of coke,the hydraulic decoking method of coke,and the flue gas emissions from heating furnace combustion in production operations.It can be solved by optimizing process operations,designing and transforming equipment,and other methods.This article discusses the effects of extending the time and temperature of coke cooling,slowing down the speed of water discharge,and controlling the pollution source of fuel.Equipment renovation measures have been taken to achieve clean production,such as changing the atmospheric venting of the water sealed tank of coke cooling water to tail gas recovery treatment,changing the open-air venting of the coke tank to covered and sealed treatment,and establishing a transportation vehicle cleaning system.
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