Advances in efficient preparation of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation
Graphene,a two-dimensional nanomaterial with excellent physical and chemical properties,is widely used in batteries,catalysis,sensors,printing,biomedicine and other fields.However,the application and development of graphene and its derivatives face great challenges in achieving low-cost,high-quality and large-scale production.Herein,the progress of large-scale preparation of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation was reviewed.The focus was on exploring the principles of pretreatment methods for liquid-phase exfoliation,including electrochemical intercalation,solvent intercalation,high-temperature expansion and microwave expansion,and their effects on the exfoliation effect of graphene.Subsequently,the advantages/disadvantages and selection principles of exfoliation solvents,such as water-based solvents,organic solvents and mixed solvents,were analyzed.The exfoliation principles and advantages/disadvantages of process intensification equipment,such as ultrasonic,high-shear and microchannel,were compared.Then,the post-processing method and separation effect of centrifugal separation on graphene were briefly described.Finally,the efficient production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation was being improved through multi-objective optimization techniques by integrating artificial intelligence.This included experimenting with residual-free functional intercalation agents and combining them with gentle and rapid expansion methods;exploring solvent systems with properties such as low toxicity,low boiling points and high dispersion characteristics;accurately regulating the liquid-phase exfoliation mechanism and engineering cascaded centrifugation equipment to achieve continuous,large-scale and cost-effective rapid production of graphene.
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