摘要
系统回顾了循环流化床高碱煤气化技术的研发及应用历程,重点概况了在高碱煤基础理化特性、气化反应特性及碱金属的迁移特性、防结渣技术研究及循环流化床高碱煤气化工程应用四个方面的进展与成果.梳理了高碱煤的煤质特征、碱金属的赋存形态和含量、前处理方法对碱金属含量测定的影响,以及高碱煤的燃烧和成灰特性.总结了煤种、反应进程、气化温度、氧碳摩尔比、反应气氛等对高碱煤气化性能指标和气化灰结渣特性的影响.阐述了配煤、添加剂及更换床料等方法对预防高碱煤气化结渣的作用和反应机理,采用刚玉做床料实现了循环流化床高碱煤气化中试装置稳定运行.评述了循环流化床高碱煤气化技术的自主创新以及在工业燃气、合成气领域的成功应用.最后,从建立高碱煤气化用煤数据库、开发纯用高碱煤的气化技术、开发高效脱碱及原位耦合利用革新技术、探索高碱煤与其他物料协同利用技术并制备高性能材料四个方面展望了未来高碱煤气化技术的发展方向.
Abstract
The development and application of circulating fluidized bed gasification with high-alkaline coal technology was systematically reviewed,with a focus on fundamental physicochemical properties,gasification reaction characteristics,alkali-metal migration behavior,anti-slagging technology research,and industrial demonstration of high-alkaline coal gasification.The characteristics of high-alkaline coal,the distribution and content of alkali metals,the influence of pretreatment methods on sodium content determination,and combustion and ash formation properties of high-alkaline coal were outlined.The effects of coal type,gasification temperature,oxygen-to-carbon molar ratio,reaction atmosphere,and reaction extent on gasification performance of high-alkaline coal and slagging characteristics of gasification residue were summarized.The role and reaction mechanisms of blending coals,additives,and replacing bed materials in preventing slagging during high-alkaline coal gasification were elucidated,leading to stable operation of a pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed gasification of high-alkaline coal by using corundum as bed material.The paper also reviewed the original innovation of circulating fluidized bed gasification of high-alkaline coal and its successful applications in production of industrial fuel gas and syngas.Finally,future directions for high-alkaline coal gasification technology were discussed from four perspectives:establishing a database for high-alkaline coal gasification,developing gasification technologies specifically for pure use of high-alkaline coal,developing efficient alkali removal and in-situ coupling utilization innovation technology,and exploring synergistic utilization techniques of high-alkaline coal with other materials to produce high-performance materials.
维普
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