Photosynthesis of high-value multi-carbon chemicals from carbon dioxide(CO2)represents an exceptionally promising avenue for green technology development,offering a dual solution to the challenges of greenhouse gas accumulation and the looming energy crisis.Designing photocatalysts with charge-polarized active sites can effectively lower the energy barriers for C-C coupling reaction,which significantly boosts the selectivity and efficiency of multi-carbon chemical synthesis.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advances in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2 chemicals,exploring the pivotal strategies for engineering charge asymmetry at active sites.It also elucidates the activity and selectivity of C2 products regulatory mechanisms at the microscopic level influenced by charge polarization effects.This paper summarizes the most promising approach for the design and development of efficient photocatalysts,providing theoretical and practical guidance for the actual application of photocatalytic technology.Moving forward,it is imperative to concentrate on the precise control at the atomic level of catalysts,and to develop more efficient and specific multi-carbon product preparation systems,thereby supporting the low-carbon transformation of the energy industry structure.
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