State of the art and prospect of typical petroleum thermal processing technology
Petroleum thermal processing technology employs heat that indues thermal cracking and condensation of petroleum and its derivatives,resulting in the formation of various products.This technology includes a wide range of processes involved in petroleum refining and chemical synthesis and belongs to one of the branches of"thermochemical reaction engineering".The ongoing third energy transition has led to a significant restructuring of the petroleum refining industry with a shift from producing fuel oil to manufacturing chemicals.This has driven continuous advancements in petroleum thermal processing technology,which is primarily based on thermochemical reactions.The main objectives of petroleum processing technology are heavy oil upgrading and low-carbon olefins production.The former includes processes such as visbreaking,delayed coking and heavy oil fluidized thermal cracking,while the latter involves steam cracking technology.In order to more efficiently convert petroleum into low-carbon olefins,researchers have further coupled thermochemical reactions with catalytic reactions,leading to the development of thermochemical-catalytic coupling thermal processing technology.This technology can be divided into light oil catalytic pyrolysis and heavy oil catalytic pyrolysis techniques.This article comprehensively analyzed the evolution process,technical characteristics,current situation and prospects of the above six typical petroleum thermal processing technologies,and conducted a comprehensive comparison.Through comparison,it was found that different petroleum thermal processing technologies can be distinguished based on whether there was recycling of heat carrier.The use of heat carrier recycling can effectively solve the coking problem and can also combine catalytic reactions to significantly enhance the adaptability of raw materials,flexibility of products and environmental friendliness in various technologies such as heavy oil fluidized thermal cracking,light oil catalytic pyrolysis,and heavy oil catalytic cracking.Therefore,future development would focus on these areas.In addition,by further integrating electrification technology with steam cracking and other related thermal processing technologies,the environmental friendliness and energy efficiency of the entire field can be effectively improved.
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