Preparation of carbon nanofibers catalyzed by sodium carbonate
The residual metal catalysts in carbon nanomaterials will affect the performance of their intrinsic properties and usually need to be removed by strong acid pickling.However,the cost of acid pickling is high and the surface structure of carbon nanomaterials is destroyed,even causing environmental problems.Carbon nanofibers(CNFs)were prepared by chemical vapor deposition using acetylene as carbon source and sodium carbonate as catalyst.The effect of preparation temperature on the morphology of CNFs was investigated.The microstructure and elemental composition of CNFs were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The crystal structure and surface functional groups of CNFs were characterized by X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that the diameter of CNFs prepared at 500℃ was about 50nm and the diameter of the product was uniform.The sodium carbonate catalyst on the surface of CNFs can be removed by simple water washing.The acetylene conversion rate was 31.0％and the yield of CNFs was 1396.7％.The carbon atoms on the surface of CNFs were disorderly arranged and the degree of graphitization was low,which was mainly composed of C—H and C=C functional groups.
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