As an emerging pollutant,microplastics are ubiquitous in various environments,including water,soil and atmosphere,and pose a potential threat to ecological safety and human health.In this paper,the pollution characteristics of typical microplastics,including polyethylene(PE),polypropylene(PP),polystyrene(PS),polyvinyl chloride(PVC)and polyethylene terephthalate(PET)are summarized.The microbial degradation pathways of microplastics are reviewed,and the degradation mechanisms are analyzed along with the influencing factors.Microplastics in environmental media can be degraded by bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes through microbial colonization,biofilm interception and enzyme degradation.The degradation efficiency of microplastics is closely related to microbial models and microplastic physicochemical properties,and is affected by various environmental factors,such as illumination,temperature and pH.This paper systematically summarizes the research progress of microbiome-mediated degradation of microplastics,which provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the effective control of microplastics.
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