Synthesis of p-aminophenol by transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene using formic acid as hydrogen source
With UiO-66 as the precursor,ZrO2@C was prepared by calcination in N2 atmosphere.Then,Pd/ZrO2@C was prepared by impregnation method.In this paper,the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene(NB)to p-aminophenol(PAP)over Pd/ZrO2@C+SO42-/ZrO2 was studied with formic acid(FA)as hydrogen source.Characterization results showed that tetragonal ZrO2 was present in ZrO2@C and was embedded in amorphous C.With the increase of calcination temperature and time in the air,the C content and specific surface area of ZrO2@C decreased accordingly,while the Pd particle size became larger.Pd in the Pd/ZrO2@C catalyst was in the form of Pd0 and Pd2+.The content of Pd2+decreased with C content,While the content of Pd0 increased.When the content of Pd0 was higher than that of Pd2+,PAP selectivity decreased obviously.Pd/ZrO2@C-200-4+SO42-/ZrO2 exhibited good catalytic activity at 140℃for 6h.The conversion of NB was 63.7%and the selectivity of PAP was 42.3%.
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