摘要
甲醇作为一种常温常压下稳定的液相储氢介质,具有高的氢碳比、价格低廉、储运方便等优势.通过甲醇重整制氢来替代传统碳氢化合物的催化重整过程是实现氢能绿色制取和高效储运的重要手段.本文首先介绍了甲醇重整制氢反应的机理及特点;然后从单金属、双金属以及金属价态调控方面综述了金属活性位点的结构优化策略;接着从载体元素掺杂、缺陷位点调控以及载体晶相控制方面阐述了金属-载体界面结构调控策略;进一步从载体诱导活化以及金属位点缓释方面论述了活性位点重构策略;最后对未来开发高性能催化剂的制备策略及其揭示构效关系所采用的表征技术和理论计算方法进行了展望.
Abstract
Methanol,as a stable liquid-phase hydrogen storage medium at room temperature and pressure,has the advantages of high hydrogen to carbon ratio,low price,and convenient storage and transportation.Replacing the traditional catalytic hydrocarbon reforming process by methanol reforming is an important means to realize the green production and efficient storage and transportation of hydrogen energy.In this review,we firstly introduce the mechanism and characteristics of methanol reforming for hydrogen generation.Then,the structural optimization strategies of metal active sites were reviewed from the aspects of monometallic,bimetallic and metal valence regulations.Subsequently,we elaborate the structure modulation methods of the metal-support interface such as the doping effect of support,defective site modulation,and support crystalline phase control.Furthermore,the strategy for reconstructing active sites was discussed from the aspects of support induced activation and metal site sustained release.Finally,the preparation strategies for developing high-performance catalysts in the future and the characterization techniques and theoretical calculation methods used to reveal the structure-activity relationship were discussed.
维普
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