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容器最高允许工作压力的理解及应用

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在压力容器设计工作中,容器最高允许工作压力容易被设计者忽视,其概念也容易与容器顶部的最高压力混淆.本文从压力容器"压力"的基本概念入手,分析最高允许工作压力与工作压力、设计压力以及容器顶部的最高压力之间的联系与区别,并深入分析了容器最高允许工作压力的确定方法.容器筒体、封头、法兰、开孔补强等受压元件依据各自的设计条件和结构尺寸均能计算得到相应元件的最高允许工作压力.而一台容器的最高允许工作压力是唯一的,按照相关标准规范的规定,容器的最高允许工作压力为所有受压元件各自的最高允许工作压力取最小值.但这个理论计算过程较复杂,工程上进行了简化.学习了解这一简化过程有利于设计者正确理解容器最高允许工作压力.本文还分别介绍了容器最高允许工作压力在气密性试验和超压限度中的应用,以及设计工作中应该注意的问题等,以帮助设计者正确理解该术语.
Understanding and Application of Maximum Allowable Working Pressure of Vessels
In pressure vessel design work,the maximum allowable working pressure of the vessel is easily overlooked by the designer,and its concept is also easily confused with the maximum pressure at the top of the vessel.The paper starts with the basic concept of"pressure"in pressure vessels,analyzes the relationship and differences between the maximum allowable working pressure and working pressure,design pressure and the maximum pressure at the top of the vessel,and deeply analyzes the method of determining the maximum allowable working pressure of the vessel.The maximum allowable working pressure of corresponding components can be calculated based on the design conditions and structural dimensions of pressure components such as the vessel body,head,flange and hole reinforcement.The maximum allowable working pressure of a vessel is unique.According to relevant standards and specifications,the maximum allowable working pressure of a vessel is the minimum value of the maximum allowable working pressure of all pressure components.But this theoretical calculation process is relatively complex and has been simplified in engineering.Learning and understanding this simplification process is beneficial for designers to correctly understand the maximum allowable working pressure of vessels.The paper also introduces the application of the maximum allowable working pressure of vessels in airtightness testing and overpressure limits,as well as issues that should be noted in design work,to help designers understand this term correctly.

vesselmaximum allowable working pressuredesignair tightness testoverpressure relief device

刘旭

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四川泸天化弘图工程设计有限公司,四川泸州 646300

容器 最高允许工作压力 设计 气密性试验 超压泄放装置

2024

化工设计
中国成达工程有限公司 中国石油和化工勘察设计协会

化工设计

影响因子:0.262
ISSN:1007-6247
年,卷(期):2024.34(2)
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