Pt-based oxygen reduction reaction catalysts:from single crystal electrode to nanostructured extended surface
The development of low-cost,high-performance oxygen reduction platinum-based catalysts is still an important direction in promoting the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC).The investigations of the single crystal electrode surface showed the factors such as the atomic arrangement,strain between lattices,and coordination environment of the Pt metal are responsible for the activity of oxygen reduction reaction.However,the knowledge gained from extended surfaces of single crystal electrodes cannot entirely guide the design of nanocatalysts due to the see-saw relationship between activity and utilization arising from size effects in nanoparticles.By simulating the properties of single crystal electrodes at the nanoscale,it is possible to expand surface properties and achieve the two-win results to some extent.This paper reviews the theoretical and experimental results regarding the use of extended surface catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction,and the insights into the remaining challenges and research directions of nanocatalysts are also proposed.
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