摘要
随着抗生素的广泛使用,多重耐药菌的不断出现已经成为影响人类健康的重大问题.传统低分子量抗菌材料在单独使用时难以达到预期的抗菌效果,此外生物相容性和稳定性等问题亦使其应用范围受到限制.具有多样化合成策略且更加高效的高分子抗菌材料的出现为对抗病原微生物提供了新方法.与低分子量的有机或无机抗菌材料相比,高分子抗菌材料有着良好的生物相容性、功能可控性和更多样的结构设计,可通过多种方式对细菌产生抑制和杀灭作用,现已在治疗耐药菌感染、伤口敷料、靶向抗菌、抗菌涂层等方向得到广泛使用.根据合成策略和作用机制对现有高分子抗菌材料进行了总结分类,提出目前发展存在的问题并对其未来的发展方向提出了展望,以期发挥高分子抗菌材料的优势并将其应用于更加广泛的领域.
Abstract
In the face of escalating antibiotic resistance due to widespread usage,the persistent emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens is a formidable threat to human health.Traditional low-molecular-weight antibacterial agents,when used alone,often fall short of achieving desired efficacy,hampered by issues of biocompatibility and stability.The introduction of polymeric antibacterial materials,characterized by diverse synthesis strategies and higher efficiency,offers a promising approach to combatting pathogenic microorganisms.Contrasted with their low-molecular-weight organic or inorganic antibacterial materials,these materials demonstrate commendable biocompatibility,controllable functional attributes,and a more extensive range of structural designs,enabling inhibitory and bactericidal effects through diverse mechanisms.Their widespread adoption is observed in treating drug-resistant bacterial infections,formulating advanced wound dressings,targeted antibacterial interventions,and developing antibacterial coatings.This discourse provided a comprehensive classification and summary of existing polymeric antibacterial materials,considering synthesis strategies and mechanisms of action.It also outlined current challenges in their development and offered a forward-looking perspective on future directions,with the overarching goal of leveraging the intrinsic strengths of polymeric antibacterial materials for broader application.
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